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Anthim the Iberian (Romanian: ''Antim Ivireanul'', Georgian: ანთიმოზ ივერიელი - ''Antimoz Iverieli''; secular name: ''Andria''; 1650 — September or October 1716) was a Georgian theologian, scholar, calligrapher, philosopher and one of the greatest ecclesiastic figures of Wallachia, founder of the first printing press in Romania, and Metropolitan of Bucharest in 1708-1715. ==Biography== Anthim was born in the Kingdom of Kartli, a Georgian kingdom known as Iberia in the west. Anthim was taken prisoner by Ottoman Empire troops, and took orders in Istanbul, while living on the compounds of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. In 1689 or 1690, he was asked to settle in Wallachia by Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu, and was given charge of the newly founded printing press in Bucharest.〔Costa, Ioana. "Wandering Letters", ''European Scientific Journal'', Vol.2, December 2013〕 Being appointed father superior (egumen) of the Snagov Monastery, Anthim moved the press to the new location.〔("Anthimus of Iberia", in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007 edition. Retrieved May 23, 2007, )〕 He became bishop of Râmnic in 1705, and in 1708 Metropolitan of Wallachia. Anthim spoke and wrote many Oriental and European languages. Although a foreigner, he soon acquired a thorough knowledge of Romanian, and was instrumental in helping to introduce that language into the local church as its official language. In 1693, he published the ''Gospels'' in Romanian. In 1709 Anthim was a founder of the first Georgian printing press in Tbilisi; he also trained Georgians in the art of printing, and cut the type with which under his pupil Mihai Iștvanovici they printed the first of Georgian ''Gospels'' (1710). In addition, Anthim published 25 other books - in Romanian, as well as Church Slavonic, Greek, and Arabic (usually in bilingual volumes, such as the Greek-Arabic ''Missal'' of 1702); this meant that he was also the first in Wallachia to use Arabic fonts). His personal work, ''Didahiile'', was a collection of sermons meant as a sharp critique of contemporary habits and morals; notably, beside Christian sources, Anthim made reference to classical philosophy. Alongside his literary output, the cleric was the builder of the ''All-Saints Monastery'' in Bucharest - nowadays known as the Antim Monastery in his memory. Anthim's overt opposition to Ottoman tutelage over Wallachia made him an adversary of the Phanariote regime. The new Prince Nicholas Mavrocordatos imprisoned him, and subsequently exiled him to Mount Sinai. Anthim was captured by the Ottomans while he was taking the trip, and assassinated somewhere in modern-day Bulgaria (his body would have been discarded in the Maritsa or the Tundzha). It is alleged that his murder was ordered by Mavrocordatos himself. In 1992 Anthim was canonized by the Romanian Orthodox Church. A rugby union trophy, contested by Romania and Georgia is named after him - the ''Antim Cup''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anthim the Iberian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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